Glutamatergic Gene Expression Mediates the Relationship between Gut Bacteria and Recognition Memory in Context of Milk Oligosaccharide Intake

Modulation of the gut microbiome via prebiotics or probiotics can improve memory or reduce anxiety. The mechanisms by which pre- and probiotics act are largely undiscovered. It has been shown that oligosaccharides impact recognition memory in both an oligosaccharide- and memory type-specific manner. Emerging research suggests that multiple neurotransmitter pathways regulate the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain development, this research highlights the specificity of these systems to the type of oligosaccharide consumed in early life.