Addressing Atopic Eczema Early in Life to Reduce the Risk of Atopic March

Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects nearly 30% of children globally, often beginning in early childhood. It is closely linked to food and respiratory allergies and can persist into adulthood in 38% of cases, leading to significant physical, mental and socioeconomic impacts. The development of AD is driven by gene-environment interactions that weaken the skin barrier, allowing allergens and pathogens to penetrate, causing dryness, inflammation and itching. AD often initiates the "atopic march," where skin inflammation leads to other allergic conditions like food allergies and asthma. Effective management includes anti-inflammatory treatment, emollients, and environmental control, while early intervention and prevention strategies, such as breastfeeding and using hydrolyzed formulas, are crucial in mitigating AD's impact and preventing its progression to other allergic diseases.